TLR2 ligand induces protection against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury via activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt signaling.

Signaling Activation of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase/Akt Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury via TLR2 Ligand Induces Protection against

Protection of Hippocampal CA1 Neurons Against Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Exercise Preconditioning via Modulation of Bax/ Bcl-2 Ratio and Prevention of Caspase-3 Activation

Introduction: Ischemia leads to loss of neurons by apoptosis in specific brain regions, especially in the hippocampus. The purpose of this study was investigating the effects of exercise preconditioning on expression of Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3 proteins in hippocampal CA1 neurons after induction of cerebral ischemia. Methods: Male rats weighing 260-300 g were randomly allocated into three gro...

The Role of Peroxisome Proliferator Activator Receptor Alpha in Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury; a Review Study

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α), which belongs to the nuclear receptor family of ligand-activated transcription factors, was first described as gene regulators for metabolic pathways including lipid metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and glucose homeostasis. Were raised. This nuclear receptor is widely expressed in various tissues, providing a wide range of effects to st...

Apelin-13 protects the heart against ischemia-reperfusion injury through inhibition of ER-dependent apoptotic pathways in a time-dependent fashion.

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is activated during and contributes to ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Attenuation of ER stress-induced apoptosis protects the heart against I/R injury. Using apelin, a ligand used to activate the apelin APJ receptor, which is known to be cardioprotective, this study was designed to investigate 1) the time course of changes in I/R injury after ER stress; 2) ...

A protease-activated receptor 1 antagonist protects against global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury after asphyxial cardiac arrest in rabbits

Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury is partially mediated by thrombin, which causes brain damage through protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1). However, the role and mechanisms underlying the effects of PAR1 activation require further elucidation. Therefore, the present study investigated the effects of the PAR1 antagonist SCH79797 in a rabbit model of global cerebral ischemia induced by cardia...